Brutus No. 1
What it says
The Anti-Federalist case: a large republic with a Necessary and Proper Clause and Supremacy Clause will swallow state power and drift from the people.
How the exam uses it
The required counterweight to Federalist No. 10 — argument essays love a Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist frame.
Live legislation where this document matters (2)
Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".
Brutus predicted federal instruments would eventually swallow state policy autonomy — California's waiver was the counterexample, until this resolution.
Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2025
Brutus warned federal instruments would override state self-government; here that warning is invoked by gun-control states against a conservative Congress — the argument switched sides.